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    • 专利摘要:
    A stereolithography apparatus comprises a reader device (501, 1908) configured to read in parameter data from an automatically readable and possibly writeable identifier (405) of a resin tank (401), and a controller (502, 1901) coupled to said reader device (501, 1908) and configured to read and write use history data to the identifier itself or to a location pointed by the identifier.
    公开号:FI20185588A1
    申请号:FI20185588
    申请日:2018-06-28
    公开日:2019-12-29
    发明作者:Tero Rakkolainen；Ville Vuorio；Tuomas Myllylä；Jukka Kanerva
    申请人:Planmeca Oy；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    STEREOLITHOGRAPHY APPARATUS EQUIPPED FOR OBTAINING USE
    HISTORY DATA, AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018
    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    The invention concerns the technology of stereolithographic 3D printing, also known as stereolithographic additive manufacturing. In particular the invention concerns automatically conveying use history 10 data to a stereolithography apparatus.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    Stereolithography is a 3D printing or additive manufacturing technique in which optical radia15 tion is used to photopolymerize suitable raw material to produce the desired object. The raw material comes to the process in the form of a resin. A vat is used to hold an amount of resin, and a build platform is moved in the vertical direction so that the object to 20 be produced grows layer by layer, beginning on a build surface of the build platform. One vat may be used with several different stereolithography apparatuses so that a vat is brought from one apparatus to another. The optical radiation used for photopolymerizing 25 may come from above the vat, in which case the build platform moves downwards through the remaining resin as the manufacturing proceeds. The present description concerns in particular the so-called bottom up variant of stereolithography, in which the photopolymeriz30 ing optical radiation comes from below the vat and the build platform moves upwards away from the remaining resin as the manufacturing proceeds.
    Making the operation of a stereolithography apparatus easy and straightforward for even inexperi35 enced users involves several challenges. For example, different resins are needed for manufacturing differ
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 ent kinds of objects, and making full use of their properties may require setting the values of operating parameters of the stereolithography apparatus accordingly. The user may consider it tedious and inconven5 lent to carry the responsibility of programming the apparatus with the correct parameter values every time. The resins are relatively expensive, for which reason care should be taken to not allow too much resin to enter the vat and to utilize as much of the re10 maining resin as possible for actual manufacturing jobs. The viscous and sticky nature of resins calls for as automatized handling of resin as possible.
    Some particular problems in stereolithography arise from ensuring that the apparatus is ready for a 15 manufacturing job. In the bottom up variant it may happen that some solidified resin remained attached to the build platform after the previous manufacturing job. Such remaining pieces of solidified resin may make it impossible to bring the build platform to the 20 starting position for the next manufacturing job. The apparatus may even suffer serious damage if the build platform is not clean when the apparatus tries to bring it to the starting position by force.
    Another particular problem in stereolithogra25 phy arise as the bottom material of the vat may wear during the use because of optical radiation. Furthermore, some mechanical wear may be caused to the bottom material of the vat when the solified object is removed from the vat. If the vat wears too much the 30 wearing may cause leaking of the resin. Furthermore, if the bottom material is flexible the stretching may cause inaccuracies or difficulties in the stereolithography process.
    OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION
    In the light of these challenges, structural solutions and operating practices are needed that
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 would make a stereolithography apparatus more convenient to use by even inexperienced users and/or users who need to simultaneously concentrate on other tasks as well.
    SUMMARY
    The invention is aimed to present a stereolithography apparatus and a method of operating it so that the user would consider its use convenient and 10 safe. The invention should enable stereolithographic 3D printing to be automatized to a large extent, and enable convenient and economical handling of resins for stereolithographic 3D printing.
    These and other advantageous aims are 15 achieved by equipping the stereolithography apparatus with means for automatically reading in use history data of a vat used in stereolithography apparatus. These means may comprise an optical imaging detector, the field of view of which covers at least part of the 20 working region of the apparatus. The stereolithography apparatus may also be equipped with one or more appropriately directed optical radiators.
    According to a first aspect, a stereolithography apparatus comprises a reader device configured 25 to read in use history from an automatically readable identifier of a vat, and a controller coupled to said reader device and configured to receive use history data read in by said reader device. Said controller is configured to use a piece of said received use history 30 data as a value of an operating parameter of said stereolithography apparatus. The parameter may be used, for example, for warning the user of the apparatus that the vat has been used and the worn bottom material may cause problems if used further.
    In an embodiment of the stereolithography apparatus said reader device is a wirelessly reading reader device configured to perform said reading of
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 use history data without direct physical contact between said reader device and said vat.
    In an embodiment of the stereolithography apparatus said reader device comprises at least one of:
    radio transceiver, optical imaging detector.
    In an embodiment of the stereolithography apparatus, wherein said reader device is configured to perform said reading in of use history data when said vat is in said operating position.
    In an embodiment of the stereolithography apparatus said reader device is an optical imaging detector directed so that a vat is within a field of view of said optical imaging detector.
    In an embodiment of the stereolithography ap15 paratus said field of view of said optical imaging detector encompasses also at least one of: a portion of a resin tank of said stereo-lithography apparatus, a build surface of a build platform of said stereolithography apparatus in at least one position along a working movement range of said build platform.
    In an embodiment of the stereolithography apparatus said controller is configured to retrieve the use history data from a computing device using on said read identifier.
    In an embodiment of the stereolithography apparatus said controller is configured to store the use history data to said identifier or said computing device using a reader device capable of writing said use history data to a respective location.
    In an embodiment of the stereolithography apparatus said controller is configured to use said piece of said received use history data as at least one of the following: providing an alarm of a worn bottom of a vat, correcting and providing correction of geometry based on stretched bottom of a vat.
    According to a second aspect, a vat for a stereolithography apparatus comprises an automatically
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 readable identifier containing use history data for use as at least one value of an operating parameter of said stereolithography apparatus.
    In an embodiment of the vat said automatical5 ly readable identifier comprises at least one of: a radio readable identifier, an optically readable identifier, a radio readable and writeable memory.
    According to a third aspect, a method of operating a stereolithography apparatus comprises using 10 a reader device to automatically read in use history data from a resin tank, conveying the read-in use history data to a controller of said stereolithography apparatus, and using a piece of said conveyed use history data as a value of an operating parameter of said 15 stereolithography apparatus.
    In an embodiment of the method it comprises storing updated use history data to the identifier, wherein said identifier comprises re-writeable memory. In an embodiment of the method reader device reads an 20 identifier and further reads use history data from a computing device using said identifier.
    In an embodiment of the method it comprises storing updated use history data to a computing device .
    It is to be understood that the aspects and embodiments described above may be used in any combination with each other. Several of the aspects and embodiments may be combined together to form a further embodiment.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding embodiments and 35 constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments and together with the description help to
    explainthe principles of embodiments. In the draw-ings : Figure 1illustrates astereolithographyap-paratusin a frontview with itslid closed, 5Figure 2illustrates astereolithographyap-paratusin a sideview with itslid closed, Figure 3illustrates astereolithographyap-paratusin a frontview with itslid open, Figure 4illustrates astereolithographyap-10 paratusin a sideview with itslid open,
    Figure5illustratesan exampleofanoperat-ingposition ofanoptical imaging detectorina frontviewFigure6illustratesan exampleofanoperat-ingposition ofari optical imaging detectorina sideviewFigure7illustratesan exampleofaworking
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 region of a stereolithography apparatus,
    Figure8illustrates an exampleof using20graphically represented information on a visible sur- face of a resintank, Figure9 illustrates an example ofusing op- tical radiatorsina front view, Figure10illustrates an example ofusing op-25tical radiatorsina side view, Figure11illustrates an example ofusing an optical radiatortoexamine a build surface, Figure12illustrates an example ofusing an optical radiatortoexamine a build surface, 30Figure13illustrates an example ofusing an optical radiatortoproject a pattern upon a 1 vat, Figure14illustrates an example ofusing an optical radiatortoproject a pattern upon a 1 vat, Figure15illustrates an example ofusing an
    optical radiator to measure the amount of resin in a vat,
    Figure16illustratesan exampleofusing an opticalradiator to measure the amount ofresin in a vat,Figure17illustratesan exampleofusing an5opticalradiator to measure the amount ofresin in a vat,Figure18illustratesan exampleofusing an opticalimagingdetector to examine a buildsurface, Figure19illustratesan exampleofa block10diagramof a stereolithographyapparatus,Figure20illustratesan example of amethod, Figure21illustratesan example of amethod, Figure22illustratesan example of a method, and 15 Figure23illustratesan example of amethod.
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    Figs. 1 to 4 illustrate an example of a stereolithography apparatus. The apparatus could also be called a stereolithographic 3D printer, or a stereolithographic additive manufacturing apparatus. Basic parts of the apparatus are a base part 101 and a lid 102, of which the lid 102 is movably coupled to the base part 101 so that it can move between a closed po25 sition shown in figs. 1 and 2 and an open position shown in figs. 3 and 4. Here the direction of the movement is vertical, but this is not a requirement; the movement of the lid 102 in relation to the base part 101 could take place in other directions. An im30 portant advantage of a movable lid of this kind is that an ongoing stereolithographic 3D printing process can be protected from any interfering external optical radiation by closing the lid 102.
    A vat 401, which is connectable and remova35 ble, is provided in the base part 101 for holding resin for use in the stereolithographic 3D printing process. A build platform 402 with a build surface 403 is
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 supported above the vat 401 so that the build surface 403 faces the vat 401. This arrangement is typical to the so-called bottom up variant of stereolithography, in which the photopolymerizing radiation comes 5 from below the vat. The bottom of the vat 401 is or can be selectively made transparent or translucent for the kind of radiation used for said photopolymerizing. In the described embodiments the vat 401 comprises an identifier 405. The identifier may be a read/write10 memory, optical marking or similar.
    A moving mechanism is provided and configured to move the build platform 402 in a working movement range between first and second extreme positions. Of these, the first extreme position is the one proximal 15 to the vat 401, and the second extreme position is the one distant from the vat 401. In the first extreme position the build surface 403 is very close to the bottom of the vat 401. The first layer of the object to be manufactured will be photopolymerized onto the 20 build surface 403 when the build platform 402 is in the first extreme position. Consequently, in said first extreme position the distance between the build surface 403 and the bottom of the vat 401 is in the order of the thickness of one layer in the stereolith25 ographic 3D printing process.
    The position shown in figs. 3 and 4 may be the second extreme position, or at least closer to the second extreme position than to the first extreme position. A working region of the stereolithography ap30 paratus may be said to exist between the vat 401 and the second extreme position of the build platform 402, because the object to be manufactured will appear within this region. The build platform 402 does not need to move up to or even close to the second extreme 35 position during the manufacturing of an object; the second extreme position may be most useful for making it easier to detach a manufactured object from the build platform 402 once the object is complete.
    In the embodiment of figs. 1 to 4 the moving mechanism for moving the build platform 402 is inside 5 the base part 101, and only represented by the two slits 301 seen in a vertical surface of the base part 101, as well as the horizontal support 404 of the build platform 402. There is also a similarly hidden moving mechanism for moving the lid 102 with respect 10 to the base part 101. This second moving mechanism may comprise parts inside the base part 101 and/or parts inside the lid 102. Enclosing essentially all moving mechanisms within the casings of the base part 101 and/or the lid 102 involves the advantage of added 15 safety, because it makes it improbable that a user could get injured by any moving parts of such mechanisms .
    The horizontal support 404 of the build platform 402 is shown only schematically in the drawings.
    In a practical implementation a support of the build platform 402 may comprise various advanced technical features, like joints and/or fine tuning mechanisms
    forensuring thatthe orientationof the buildsurface403is appropriate. However,suchfeatures areout of25 thescope of thisdescriptionandare therefore omit-tedhere . Anotherfeature oftheexemplarystereo-
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 lithography apparatus of figs. 1 to 4 is a user interface, which comprises a touch-sensitive display 103 in the lid 102. The user interface may comprise various functions for implementing interactions between the apparatus and its user, including but not being limited to buttons for controlling the movements of the lid 102 and the build platform 402. A touch-sensitive display is an advantageous feature of a user interface in particular if the stereolithography apparatus is to be used in environments where thorough cleaning and
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 disinfecting are regularly required, like at medical and/or dental clinics. Placing a touch-sensitive display 103 and/or other parts of the user interface in a front part of the lid 102 is advantageous, because it 5 makes such parts of the user interface easily accessible to the user. As such, at least some parts of the user interface could be implemented in the base part
    101.
    Significant advantage can be gained by 10 providing the stereolithography apparatus with an optical imaging detector, installed and directed so that at least a part of the working region is within the field of view of the optical imaging detector. If the optical imaging detector is movable between at least 15 one operating position and some other positions, the working region should appear within the field of view of the optical imaging detector at least when the optical imaging detector is in said operating position. An optical imaging detector is a device that is capa20 ble of producing optical image data indicative of what can be optically detected within its field of view. Most optical imaging detectors can be characterized as (digital) cameras, but there are e.g. optical imaging detectors working on other wavelengths than visible 25 light, which may not necessarily be commonly referred to as cameras. In order to maintain general applicability the term optical imaging detector is used in this description.
    Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate schematically an ex30 ample of how an optical imaging detector 501 may be installed on the inside of the lid 102. Closing the lid 102 brings the optical imaging detector 501 into an operating position, in which at least a part of the working region is within its field of view. This is 35 illustrated also in fig. 7, in which the lid is omitted for graphical clarity. The optical imaging detector 501 could be placed in some other part of the lid
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018
    102 than what is shown schematically in figs. 5 and 6. A yet further alternative way of supporting the optical imaging detector 501 would be to fix it to the base part 101, for example through a telescopic or foldable support arm so that a user could move it aside when not needed, or so that the stereolithography apparatus could automatically bring the optical imaging detector to the operating position only when needed. The optical imaging detector 501 could also be installed somewhere in the same vertical surface that has the slits 301 along which the support 404 moves the build platform 402.
    The stereolithography apparatus shown in figs. 5 and 6 comprises a controller 502 coupled to 15 the optical imaging detector 501 for receiving optical image data from the optical imaging detector 501. The controller 502 may be configured to use such optical image data in controlling operation of the stereolithography apparatus. Examples of such controlling 20 are described in more detail later in this text. The coupling between the optical imaging detector 501 and the controller may be a wired coupling or a wireless coupling, or it may comprise both wired and wireless elements either as alternatives of each other or aug25 menting each other.
    The controller 502 is shown as installed in the lid 102 in figs. 5 and 6, but it could alternatively be installed in the base part 101. The controller functionality could even be distributed so that 30 some parts of it could be implemented with circuits located in the lid 102 while other parts of the controller functionality could be implemented with circuits located in the base part 101. Placing the controller in the lid 102 may be advantageous if also a 35 significant portion of the other electronics, like the user interface, is placed in the lid 102, because wiring may become simpler. The user interface is not
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 shown in figs. 5 and 6 in order to enhance graphical clarity.
    The controller 502 may be configured to execute a machine vision process to recognize objects 5 from the optical image data it receives from the optical imaging detector 501. The optical image data is essentially a digital representation of an image recorded by the optical imaging detector 501, and machine vision in general means extracting information from an 10 image. Thus by executing a machine vision process the controller 502 is capable of extracting information that enables recognizing various objects seen by the optical imaging detector 501. The controller 502 may be configured to make decisions based on such recog15 nized objects.
    In the example disclosed above the optical imaging detector 501 is configured to detect an identifier 405 associated with a vat 401. The controller 502, which is equipped with a network connection, is 20 configured to retrieve use history data of the vat 401 based on the identifier 502. The use history data is retrieved from a computing device, such as a local server, central server or a cloud computing facility.
    One vat may be used with several stereo25 lithography apparatuses and one stereolithography apparatus may be used with several different vats. Thus, each of the vats has an identifier number that is unique at least within the facility where it is used so that the use history of each vat can be traced.
    Thus, when a vat is connected to a stereolithography apparatus the use history is read and after the use the updated use history is stored. In the example disclosed above the use history is stored in a computing device, however, it is possible that instead 35 of optical reader a device that can read and write a memory attached to the vat 401 is used. In such case
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 the identifier carries the use history with the vat 401.
    The use history of a vat may be used in several ways. One common example is to determine the ma5 terial used with a vat 401. Thus, if the stereolithography apparatus chooses a material it is typically desired that the vat 401 is new or has been used only with the same material. Another example of common use is to determine the position of the object to be con10 structed on the bottom of the vat 401 so that the bottom of the vat 401 is equally used. This improves the life time of a vat as all positions on the bottom have been used and no unused locations are left. The improvement of life time not only reduces costs but also 15 provides better quality in manufacturing when objects are constructed on locations where the bottom of the vat 401 is still in good shape.
    Another example of an object that the controller 502 may recognize is a resin tank, or a piece 20 of graphically represented information carried by a resin tank. In order to provide some background for this kind of applications, the task of resin handling is described in some more detail in the following.
    The resin that is to be used in the stereo25 lithographic 3D printing process may be brought to the stereolithography apparatus in a resin tank. The designation resin tank is used in this text as a general descriptor of any kinds of containers that may hold resin in readiness for the resin to be used in a 30 stereolithographic 3D printing process. The stereolithography apparatus may comprise a holder for removably receiving a resin tank to an operating position in the stereolithography apparatus. An example of such a holder is illustrated in fig. 7 with the reference 35 designator 701. Providing a holder for removably receiving a resin tank involves the advantage that the user may easily exchange resin tanks to ensure the use
    ofthemostoptimal resin for eachstereolithographic3Dprintingj ob . Aresin tankthatcanberemovably receivedintheholder 701 mayhavetheform of an elongated
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 capsule, preferably with a cover or plug covering an opening in one end, and with an outlet appearing in the other end. The outlet may be equipped with a valve, seal, plug, or some other means that keep the resin from escaping the resin tank unless explicitly 10 desired. Such an elongated, capsule-formed resin tank can be removably received in the holder 701 so that the end with the opening is upwards, and the outlet is in or close to the vat 401.
    In the example embodiment of fig. 7 a piston 15 702 is attached to the same support 404 as the build platform 402. When the build platform 402 moves downwards in order to assume the first extreme position, which is the starting position for producing a new object, the piston 702 moves downwards in concert with 20 the build platform 402. This movement of the piston 702 pumps the resin out of the resin tank that was received in the holder 701, so that the resin flows out of the outlet and into the vat 401. The cover or plug that covered the opening in the upper end of the resin 25 tank must naturally have been removed before that, as well as the means that closed the outlet unless some mechanism is provided that automatically opens the outlet when needed.
    It must be noted that making the piston 702 30 move in concert with the build platform 402 is only an example implementation. It involves the advantage that only one moving mechanism is needed to move two parts. However, in some applications it may be desirable to be able to control the delivery of resin into the vat 35 401 independently of the movement of the build platform 402. For such applications an embodiment can be presented in which there are separate mechanisms for
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 moving the build platform 402 and for delivering resin from a resin tank to the vat 401. Such a separate mechanism may involve for example a piston that is otherwise like the piston 702 in fig. 7 but supported 5 and moved by a moving mechanism of its own.
    Only one holder 701 for one resin tank is shown in the drawings, but the stereolithography apparatus may comprise two or more holders, and/or a single holder may be configured to receive two or more 10 resin tanks. In particular if there are separate mechanisms for pumping resin from different resin tanks to the vat 401, the provision of places for receiving multiple resin tanks involves the advantage that different resins can be used automatically, even during 15 the manufacturing of a single object. Such a feature may be useful for example if the object to be manufactured should exhibit a sliding change of color. The stereolithography apparatus might comprise two tanks of differently pigmented resin, and these could be de20 livered to the vat in selected proportions so that the resulting mix of resins in the vat would change its color accordingly.
    Fig. 8 illustrates schematically a case in which a resin tank 801 has been received in the holder 25 701. A visible surface (visible in the field of view of the optical imaging detector 501) of the resin tank 801 is provided with a piece 802 of graphically represented information. In the example of fig. 8 a barcode is used, but any other form of graphically represented 30 information could be used, like a QR code or a color or color combination of the resin tank 801 or a part of it. The use of graphically represented information involves the advantage that it can be read with an optical imaging detector, for which there may be also 35 other advantageous uses in the stereolithography apparatus .
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018
    The information carried by the piece 802 of graphically represented information is or reveals advantageously something that is pertinent to just that resin that is contained in that particular resin tank 5 801. Additionally or alternatively the information carried by the piece 802 of graphically represented information may be or reveal something that is pertinent to that particular resin tank itself. Said information may contain for example one or more of the fol10 lowing: an identifier of resin contained in the resin tank 801, an indicator of amount of resin contained in the resin tank 801, a manufacturing date of resin contained in the resin tank 801, a best before date of resin contained in the resin tank 801, unique identi15 fier of the resin tank 801, a digital signature of a provider of resin contained in the resin tank 801.
    As an interesting special case, the information carried by the piece 802 of graphically represented information may contain a piece of parameter 20 data. The controller 502, on the other hand, may be configured to use such a piece of parameter data as a value of an operating parameter of the stereolithography apparatus. Examples of such operating parameters include but are not limited to the following: a pre25 heating temperature of resin, a layer exposure time, a layer thickness, a moving speed of a build platform, or a waiting time between two successive method steps in stereolithographic 3D printing.
    The concept of using a removably attachable 30 resin tank to convey a value of an operating parameter to the stereolithography apparatus can be generalized to cover other than graphically represented information. Examples of such other ways include but are not limited to using various kinds of memory circuits 35 attached to and/or embedded in the material of such a resin tank. In a general case the resin tank comprises an automatically readable identifier of the resin
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 tank, and the stereolithography apparatus comprises a reader device configured to read in parameter data from an automatically readable identifier of a resin tank. The reader device may comprise contact members 5 in the holder 701 so that receiving a resin tank in the holder simultaneously connects the reader device to said automatically readable identifier. Alternatively the reader device may be a wirelessly reading reader device configured to perform said reading of 10 parameter data without direct physical contact between said reader device and said resin tank. Examples of such wirelessly reading reader devices are radio transceivers (using e.g. NFC, Bluetooth, or other short-distance radio transmission technology) and op15 tical imaging detectors. The reader device may comprise multiple contact-based and/or wireless technologies for accommodating different kinds of automatically readable identifiers in resin tanks.
    Further in said general case the stereo20 lithography apparatus comprises a controller coupled to the reader device and configured to receive parameter data read in by said reader device. Said controller may be configured to use a piece of said received parameter data as a value of an operating parameter of 25 said stereolithography apparatus.
    This way of conveying values of operating parameters involves for example the advantage that new kinds of resins may be brought into use, without the need to preprogram an automatically operating stereo30 lithography apparatus for their most appropriate handling. In comparison, we might consider a case in which the piece 802 of graphically represented information contained just a specific identifier of the kind of resin contained in the resin tank. In such a 35 case the controller 502 should have access to a library of previously stored parameter data, so that after having recognized the particular resin, it could
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 read the corresponding most appropriate values for operating parameters from the library and take them into use. Conveying one or more values of parameter data in the piece 802 of graphically represented information 5 enables more flexible operation, because such a library is not needed at all or because only a limited library of parameter values is needed for those cases in which not all parameter values can be read from the piece 802 of graphically represented information.
    As such, it is not excluded that the stereolithography apparatus might have an access to an external database of parameter data and other information concerning resins and resin tanks. Correspondingly, stereolithography apparatus might have an ac15 cess to an external database, cloud service or similar source of use history data. For example, if a facility has two or more stereolithographic apparatuses in which at least some of the same resin tanks or vats may be used in turns, it may be advantageous to have a 20 shared database that contains information about the vats, the resin tanks and the resins they contain. In such a case the controller 502 could respond to receiving image data in which a graphical identifier of a resin tank or vat is found by accessing the database 25 in order to obtain information about the vat, resin or resin tank and/or to update the database with information concerning what the stereolithography apparatus currently does with that vat, resin or resin tank.
    Irrespective of whether the reader device is contact-based or wirelessly reading, the reader device may be configured to perform the reading in of parameter data when the vat or resin tank is in an operating position in a holder. In the case of using an optical imaging detector as the reader device this may mean 35 that the optical imaging detector is directed so that a vat or resin tank, which was removably received to
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 the holder, is within a field of view of the optical imaging detector.
    If the reader device comprises an optical imaging detector, the previously mentioned machine vi5 sion process may be utilized so that the controller, which is coupled to the optical imaging detector for receiving optical image data from the optical imaging detector, is configured to execute said machine vision process to recognize a piece of graphically represent10 ed information carrier by a resin tank that was received in the holder. The controller may be configured to extract parameter data from said recognized piece of graphically represented information, and to use a piece of said extracted parameter data as a value of 15 an operating parameter of said stereolithography apparatus .
    In order to ensure that the user will always attach the resin tank 801 in the right way, so that the piece 802 of graphically represented information 20 is visible to the optical imaging detector 501, the holder 701 may comprise a mechanical key for forcing the resin tank 801 to be received to the stereolithography apparatus in a predetermined orientation. The resin tank 801 should then comprise a reciprocal slot 25 for such a mechanical key, for forcing said resin tank to be attached to the stereolithography apparatus in the predetermined orientation. The roles of a mechanical key and reciprocal slot could be exchanged, so that the resin tank comprises a mechanical key and the 30 holder comprises a reciprocal slot. Here the terms mechanical key and reciprocal slot are used in a general sense, meaning any kinds of mutually engaging mechanical designs in the holder 701 and the resin tank 801 that serve the purpose of guiding a user to attach the 35 resin tank to the stereolithography apparatus in the predetermined orientation. There may be one, two, or
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 more pairs of mechanical keys and reciprocal slots used for this purpose.
    The use of an optical imaging detector as a reader device involves the particular advantage that 5 the same optical imaging detector can be used also for other purposes in the stereolithography apparatus. Such other purposes may even substantiate the provision of an optical imaging detector even if it is not used for reading graphically represented information 10 from resin tanks. Some of such advantageous other purposes are described in the following.
    Another advantage of the use of an optical imaging detector is that when the use history of each vat is stored in a computing device there is no need 15 to provide more expensive and complicated reader/writer device for detecting and also the identifiers used with vats can be simple read-only tags instead of re-writeable memories that are prone for tear and wear.
    Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate schematically a part of a stereolithography apparatus that comprises a first optical radiator 901 and a second optical radiator 902. In the drawings the optical radiators 901 and 902 are shown as being located in a common optical 25 module with the optical imaging detector 501, but this is only an example, and any or both of them could be placed elsewhere in the stereolithography apparatus. It is possible that the stereolithography apparatus only comprises one of the first 901 and second 902 op30 tical radiators, or none of them if the optical imaging detector 501 is used only for other purposes. It is also possible that the stereolithography apparatus comprises more than two optical radiators.
    The first optical radiator 901 is configured 35 to project a pattern upon a portion of the vat 401. In other words, at least some of the optical radiation emitted by the first optical radiator 901 hits some
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 portion of the vat 401. The affected portion of the vat 401 is within the field of view of the optical imaging detector 501 when said optical imaging detector 501 is in its operating position (i.e. when the lid of 5 the stereolithography apparatus, on the inside of which the optical imaging detector 501 is installed, is in its closed position). As was pointed out earlier, the optical imaging detector 501 does not need to be installed in the lid of the stereolithography appa10 ratus, but it could be installed elsewhere. For the purpose described here it is only required that the optical imaging detector is installed and directed so that said portion of said vat, onto which the first optical radiator 901 projects a pattern, is within the 15 field of view when said optical imaging detector is in an operating position.
    The controller of the stereolithography apparatus is not shown in figs. 9 and 10, but one is assumed to exist and to be coupled to the optical imag20 ing detector 501 for receiving optical image data. The controller is configured to use said optical image data to calculate an amount of resin in the vat 401.
    The principle of using optical image data for calculating how much resin there is in the vat 401 is 25 based on the fact that the optical radiation emitted by the first optical radiator 901 reflects differently from resin than from a clean surface of the vat. To this end the first optical radiator 901 should project the pattern to such portion of the vat 401 that is 30 covered differently by resin depending on how much resin there is in the vat. It also helps if the projected pattern is as sharp by outline as possible. In order to achieve the last-mentioned objective it is advantageous if the first optical radiator 901 is a 35 laser, configured to project at least one distributed reflection of laser light upon said portion of the vat 401.
    A distributed reflection could be called also a spatially distributed reflection. It means a reflection that consists of more than just a single spot (which would be produced by a single laser beam as 5 such). Distributed reflections of laser light can be produced for example by physically turning the laser source, and/or by using at least one laser source and at least one lens configured to distribute a linear laser beam produced by said laser source into a shape, 10 like a fan-like shape or conical shape for example. A fan-like shape is considered in figs. 9 and 10 as an example: in fig. 9 the view is in the plane of the fan, for which reason the fan-like shape of distributed laser light is seen as a single line. In fig. 10 15 the view is perpendicular to the plane of the fan, so that the fan-like shape is clearly seen.
    Fig. 13 is a simplified axonometric drawing of a vat 401, an optical imaging detector 501, and a first optical radiator 901, with the slits 301 seen in 20 the background as a reminder of how said parts are located in the stereolithography apparatus. There is no resin in the vat 401 in fig. 13. The portion of the vat 401, onto which the first optical radiator 901 projects its pattern, comprises a portion of a rim 25 1301 of the vat 401. The first optical radiator 901 is configured to project a distributed reflection upon
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018
    therim1301sothat the reflectionextends fromanedgeofsaidrim103 linearly towardsa bottom 1302ofthevat401.30 Fig.14shows an example of :how the firstop-
    tical radiator 501 may project more than one pattern onto more than one portion of the vat 401. In fig. 14 the first optical radiator 901 is configured to project at least two separate distributed reflections of laser light upon said rim: there are two laser beams, each distributed into a fan-like shape, so that each
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 distributed reflection extends from an edge of the rim linearly towards a bottom of the vat 401.
    In fig. 15 the situation is otherwise the same as in fig. 13, but there is some resin in the vat 5 401. Here it is assumed that resin absorbs relatively effectively the laser light emitted by the first optical radiator 901, while the material of the vat 401 is a relatively good reflector so that a very clear and sharp reflection appears on its surface. The length of 10 the linear reflection 1501 tells, how much of the rim 1301 is dry (i.e. not wetted by resin) . When the dimensions of the vat 401 are known, measuring the length of the linear reflection 1501 is enough to calculate the amount of resin in the vat 401. In general 15 it can be said that the controller, which is coupled to the optical imaging detector 501 to receive optical image data, is configured to recognize an image of said projected pattern from said optical image data, and configured to calculate the amount of resin held 20 in the vat 501 from one or more detected dimensions of said image of said projected pattern.
    The controller of the stereolithography apparatus may be configured to execute a machine vision process to implement the steps listed above. The con25 troller could first find and select at least one image taken by the optical imaging detector 501 in which an observed pattern appears upon the affected part of the vat 401. In said at least one image the controller could examine the coordinates, within the coordinate 30 system of the image frame, of those pixels that contribute to the observed pattern. The controller could find the coordinates of those pixels that appear to represent the extremities of the observed pattern, and calculate the difference between these coordinates. 35 Mapping the calculated difference against a look-up table of possible calculated differences, or executing
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 some other form of a decision-making algorithm, may give the measured amount of resin the vat as a result.
    A common feature in figs. 13 to 15 is that the laser in the first optical radiator 901 is config5 ured to project the at least one distributed reflection upon the rim so that the reflection extends from a horizontal edge of said rim perpendicularly towards a bottom of the vat. In other words, the linear reflection 1501 is a vertical line on the rim 1301 of 10 the vat 401. This is not the only possibility. Fig. 16 illustrates schematically an alternative embodiment, in which the laser is configured to project said at least one distributed reflection upon said rim so that it extends from a horizontal edge of said rim oblique15 ly towards a bottom of said vat. In other words, in fig. 16 the linear reflection 1601 on the rim 1301 is obliquely directed.
    A geometry like that in fig. 16 offers a number of advantages, because the optical image data pro20 duced by the optical imaging detector 501 contains more features to be analyzed than in the case of fig.
    15. Changes in the level of the resin in the vat cause larger changes in the linear reflection 1601 of the fan-shaped laser beam on the surface of the rim 1301 25 than in fig. 15. This may make it easier to detect even smaller changes in the amount of resin in the vat 401. Also, if the surface of the resin is smooth and reflective enough, one may observe a secondary reflection 1602 on the surface of the rim 1301, so that the 30 corner point between reflections 1601 and 1602 indicates quite accurately the level of the resin surface in the vat 401. If the machine vision process recognizes such a corner point, it may give quite accurate results in calculating the amount of resin in the vat 35 401.
    Fig. 17 illustrates yet another alternative embodiment, in which the pattern, i.e. the distributed
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 reflection, is not continuous but consists of distinct spots. Even if the spots are arranged in a linear form in fig. 17, this is not a requirement, but the pattern may be of any shape that makes it possible to calcu5 late, by observing how the pattern differs from one obtained from a completely empty vat, and by knowing the dimensions of the vat, the amount of resin currently in the vat.
    Enabling the stereolithography apparatus to 10 automatically detect the surface level of resin in the vat involves a number of advantages. As an example, before pumping more resin into the vat the apparatus may check, how much resin (if any) is there already. Since the resins may be relatively expensive, and 15 since it may be cumbersome to draw any resin back into any kind of tank or other long-term repository, it is advisable to always use up all resin that was already pumped into the vat. This is more or less synonymous to only delivering as much new resin, to augment any 20 already present in the vat, as is needed to complete the next known task of stereolithographic 3D printing. For a piece of control software that receives instructions to manufacture a particular three-dimensional object it is relatively straightforward to calculate 25 the volume of the object to be manufactured. The calculated volume is then the same as the amount of resin that will be needed to actually manufacture the obj ect.
    Taken that stereolithography is based on pho30 topolymerizing only some strictly delimited portions of resin, care should be taken not to use such optical radiators for other purposes (like measuring the amount of unused resin in the vat) that could cause unintended photopolymerization. Therefore it is advis35 able to select the first optical radiator 901 so that it is configured to only emit optical radiation of wavelengths longer than or at most equal to a prede
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 fined cutoff wavelength. Said cutoff wavelength should be selected longer than wavelengths used to photopolymerize resins in stereolithography. Ultraviolet radiation is often used for photopolymerizing, so said cut5 off wavelength could be in the range of visible light.
    Laser light is monochromatic, so if a laser source is used in the first optical radiator 901, the wavelength of the laser light is synonymous to said cutoff wavelength. Naturally the wavelength of the first optical 10 radiator 901 must be selected so that its reflection is easily detectable by the optical imaging detector 501.
    Another purpose for which an optical imaging detector 501 - together with a second optical radiator 15 902 - can be used in a stereolithography apparatus is shown in figs. 11 and 12. To provide some background, it may be noted that the build surface 403 of the build platform 402 will come very close to the bottom of the vat in the beginning of a stereolithographic 3D 20 printing job. To this end, the build surface 403 should be appropriately directed, and clean of any pieces of any solid substance, before the build platform 402 is lowered into the starting position, which is the first extreme position mentioned earlier. Un25 fortunately it may happen that the user has forgotten to detach the previously manufactured object from the build surface 403. Even if the user has detached the actual object that was manufactured previously, it may happen that some solid parts remain on the build sur30 face 403. These may be for example support strands or bridges that had to be produced as a part of the previous 3D printing job for providing mechanical stability, even if they did not form part of the actual object to be manufactured.
    Moving the build platform into the first extreme position with anything solid attached to the build surface may have serious consequences, like
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 breaking the bottom of the vat or damaging the moving mechanism and/or support structure of the build platform. One possible protective measure might be monitoring the load experienced by the moving mechanism 5 when the build platform is moved towards the first extreme position and stopping the movement if the load seems to increase. However, observing an increasing load in the moving mechanism means that contact was made already between the undesired solid remnants on 10 the build surface and the bottom of the vat, so it may be too late already.
    Figs. 9 to 12 illustrate a principle of using a (second) optical radiator 902 and the optical imaging detector 501 to set up protective measures that 15 help to prevent any accidental moving of the build platform 402 too close to the bottom of the vat 401 if there are any unwanted solid remnants on the build surface 403. Said principle is based on using the second optical radiator 902 to project a pattern onto the 20 build surface 403 while it is in the field of view of the optical imaging detector 501, and examining said pattern to determine, whether the observed form of the pattern indicates that there could be anything else than just the planar surface there that should be.
    From the previous description it may be recalled that the stereolithography apparatus comprises a moving mechanism configured to move the build platform 402 in a working movement range between first and second extreme positions. The second optical radiator 30 902 is configured to project a pattern upon the build surface 403 when the build platform 4302 is in at least one predetermined position between said first and second extreme positions. The optical imaging detector 501 is installed and directed so that said pro35 jected pattern is within its field of view when the build platform 402 is at said predetermined position. A controller of the stereolithography apparatus is coupled to the optical imaging detector 501 for receiving optical image data from the optical imaging detector 501. The controller is also configured to use said optical image data to examine the build surface
    5403 forexceptions f:rom a defaultformofthebuild surface .Inorder tobe sure that no partofthebuild surface403containsany unwantedsolidremnants, it
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 would be advantageous to cover the whole build surface 10 403 with the projected pattern. This can be done for example by using a laser source and a lens that distributes the laser beam into a regular two-dimensional matrix of dots close to each other. A machine vision algorithm could then analyze the image taken by the 15 optical imaging detector 501 to tell, whether there is any irregularity in the array of dots seen in the image .
    A slightly different approach is taken in the embodiment of figs. 9 to 12. The second optical radia20 tor 902 is configured to project said pattern upon an affected part of the build surface 403, and this affected part changes position across the build surface 403 when the build platform 402 moves through a range of positions on its way between the first and second 25 extreme positions according to arrow 1101 in fig. 11.
    Said range of positions does not need to occupy the whole range between the first and second extreme positions, but preferably only a small sub-range thereof. However, throughout this range of positions 30 the optical imaging detector 501 should see at least that part of the build surface 403 where the projected pattern appears. In other words, each position within said range of positions must be a predetermined position as described above, i.e. one at which the pattern 35 projected by the second optical radiator 902 upon the build surface 403 is within the field of view of the optical imaging detector 501.
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018
    In this embodiment the way in which the second optical radiator 902 emits optical radiation may stay the same while the build platform 402 moves through said range of positions. Said movement makes 5 the emitted optical radiation hit different parts of the build surface 403 at each position of said range of positions, so that in the end the emitted optical radiation has hit essentially all parts of the build surface 403 in turn. Knowing the pattern that the 10 emitted optical radiation should produce on a completely flat (or otherwise well known) form of a build surface 403, if any exceptions from such an expected pattern are observed by the optical imaging detector 501, it means that there is something on the build 15 surface 403 that shouldn't be there.
    In the embodiment illustrated in figs. 9 to the second optical radiator 902 is a laser configured to project at least one distributed reflection of laser light upon the affected part of the build sur20 face 403. If the same relatively simple approach is used as with the embodiment of the first optical radiator 901 explained earlier, the laser in the second optical radiator 902 may comprise at least one laser source and at least one lens configured to distribute 25 a linear laser beam produced by said laser source into a fan-like shape. The pattern that is consecutively produced on the build surface 403 is a straight line 1102 that crosses the build surface 403 at a position that depends on the height at which the build platform 30 402 is.
    The controller of the stereolithography apparatus may be configured to execute a machine vision process to decide, whether the optical image data received from the optical imaging detector 501 indicates 35 exceptions from a default form of the build surface 403. In the embodiment described above, in which the build surface 403 is flat and the second optical radi
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 ator 902 produces a fan-shaped laser beam, the controller could first find and select all images taken by the optical imaging detector 501 in which an observed reflection of the fan-shaped laser beam appears 5 on the build surface 403. In each of these selected images the controller could examine the coordinates, within the coordinate system of the image frame, of those pixels that contribute to the observed reflection of the fan-shaped laser beam. The controller 10 could fit a straight line to the coordinates of these pixels, and calculate one or more statistical descriptors that tell, how well the coordinates of said pixels obey the equation of such a fitted straight line. If any of these statistical descriptors is larg15 er than some predetermined threshold value, the controller could decide that an exception from a default form of the build surface 403 was found.
    In general, the controller may be configured to either allow the operation of the stereolithography 20 apparatus to continue as a response to finding no exceptions from said default form of said build surface, or interrupt operation of the stereolithography apparatus as a response to finding exceptions from said default form of said build surface. Interrupting the 25 operation may be accompanied by giving an alert to a user of the apparatus through a user interface, prompting the user to check the build surface and remove any remnants of solidified resin.
    Taken that stereolithography is based on pho30 topolymerizing only some strictly delimited portions of resin, care should be taken not to use such optical radiators for other purposes (like examining the build surface for exceptions from its default form) that could cause unintended photopolymerization. Therefore 35 it is advisable to select the second optical radiator
    902 so that it is configured to only emit optical radiation of wavelengths longer than or at most equal to
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 a predefined cutoff wavelength. Said cutoff wavelength should be selected longer than wavelengths used to photopolymerize resins in stereolithography. Ultraviolet radiation is often used for photopolymerizing, so 5 said cutoff wavelength could be in the range of visible light. Laser light is monochromatic, so if a laser source is used in the second optical radiator 902, the wavelength of the laser light is synonymous to said cutoff wavelength. Naturally the wavelength of the 10 second optical radiator 902 must be selected so that its reflection is easily detectable by the optical imaging detector 501.
    Fig. 18 illustrates an embodiment that can be used to examine the build surface for exceptions from 15 its default form in place of or in addition to the embodiment described above. In the embodiment of fig. 18 a pattern 1801 of some predetermined kind appears in the field of view of the optical imaging detector 501 at least when the optical imaging detector 501 is at 20 one position. The location of the pattern 1801 has further been selected so that at some mutual positioning of the optical imaging detector 501 and the build platform 402 the latter partially covers the pattern 1801 in the field of view of the former. In particu25 lar, at said mutual positioning of the optical imaging detector 501 and the build platform 402, a view taken from the optical imaging detector 501 exactly along the build surface 403 intersects the pattern 1801.
    If the build surface 403 is clean and planar, 30 an image taken by the optical imaging detector 501 at said mutual positioning shows the pattern 1801 neatly cut along a straight line. The controller of the stereolithography apparatus may execute a machine vision process to examine, whether this is true or whether 35 the part of the pattern 1801 visible in the image appears distorted in any way. Any distortion in the line that delimits the part of the pattern 1801 visible in
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 the image indicates that some remnants of solidified resin may have been left on the build surface 403.
    The mutual positioning of the optical imaging detector 501 and the build platform 402 that appears 5 in fig. 18 may be achieved for example during the movement when the build platform 402 moves down towards the starting position of stereolithographic 3D printing, as illustrated by arrow 1802 in fig. 18. Another possibility to achieve said mutual positioning 10 is when the optical imaging detector 501 moves downwards as illustrated by arrow 1803, as a part of a closing lid to which the optical imaging detector 501 is installed. Said mutual positioning can also be achieved by intentionally moving at least one of the 15 build platform 402 or the optical imaging detector 501 for just this purpose and not as a part of a movement that principally serves some other purpose.
    Fig. 19 is a schematic block diagram that illustrates some parts of an example of a stereolithog20 raphy apparatus according to an embodiment.
    A controller 1901 has a central role in the operation of the apparatus. Structurally and functionally it may be based on one or more processors configured to execute machine-readable instructions stored 25 in one or more memories that may comprise at least one of built-in memories or detachable memories.
    A lid mechanism 1902 comprises the mechanical and electrical parts that serve the purpose of moving the lid that opens or closes the working region.
    A build platform mechanism 1903 comprises the mechanical and electrical parts that serve the purpose of moving the build platform between its first and second extreme positions. The build platform mechanism 1903 may also comprise parts that serve to ensure cor35 reet angular positioning of the build platform.
    A resin delivery mechanism 1904 comprises the mechanical and electrical parts that serve the purpose
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 of pumping resin into the vat, and possibly draining unused resin from the vat back into some long-term repository .
    An exposure radiation emitter part 1905 com5 prises the mechanical, electrical, and optical parts that serve the purpose of controllably emitting radiation that causes selective photopolymerization of resin during the stereolithographic 3D printing process.
    An exposure radiator cooler part 1906 com10 prise the mechanical, electrical, and thermal parts that serve the purpose of maintaining the exposure radiation emitter part 1905 at its optimal operating temperature .
    A resin heater part 1907 comprise the mechan15 ical, electrical, and thermal parts that serve the purpose of pre-heating the resin into a suitable operating temperature and maintaining it there during the stereolithographic 3D printing process.
    A reader(s) and/or sensor(s) block 1908 com20 prises all devices that can be classified as readers or sensors, wherein some of the readers and sensors can also act as a writer or storing device for storing information to memories, digital circuits or similar. For example all optical imaging detectors of the kind 25 described earlier, as well as optical radiation emitters that serve other purposes than photopolymerizing resin during the stereolithographic 3D printing process belong to the reader(s) and/or sensor(s) block 1908 .
    The stereolithography apparatus may comprise a data interface 1909 for exchanging data with other devices. The data interface 1909 can be used for example to receive from some other device the 3D modelling data that describes, what kind of an object should be produced through stereolithographic 3D printing. The data interface 1909 can also be used to provide diagnostic data about the operation of the stereolithogra
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 phy apparatus to other devices, such as a monitoring computer. Data interface may also be a common network interface connected to the Internet so that external data services, such as a cloud computing facility can 5 be reached.
    The stereolithography apparatus may comprise a user interface 1910 for exchanging information with one or more users. The user interface 1910 may comprise tangible, local user interface means for facili10 fating immediate interaction with a user next to the stereolithography apparatus. Additionally or alternatively the user interface 1910 may comprise software and communication means for facilitating remote operation of the stereolithography apparatus for example 15 through a network or through an app installed on a separate user's device such as a smartphone or other personal wireless communications device.
    The stereolithography apparatus may comprise a power block 1911 configured to convert operating 20 power, such as AC from an electricity distribution network, into voltages and currents needed by the various parts of the apparatus and to safely and reliably deliver such voltages and currents to said parts of the apparatus .
    Fig. 20 illustrates schematically a method of operating a stereolithography apparatus. This embodiment of the method comprises using an optical imaging detector to obtain optical image data from at least a part of a working region of the stereolithography ap30 paratus at step 2001. The method comprises conveying said optical image data to a controller of the stereolithography apparatus at step 2002, and using said optical image data in controlling operation of the stereolithography apparatus at step 2003.
    Fig. 21 illustrates how the method may comprise, as a step 2101 prior to step 2001, a step of optically projecting a first pattern upon a portion of
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 a vat of said stereolithography apparatus. In this case the step 2001 illustrated in fig. 20 may comprise generating a digital representation of an optical image of said portion of said vat with said pattern pro5 jected upon it. Step 2003, on the other hand, may comprise calculating an amount of resin in said vat using said digital representation. The first pattern projected at step 2101 may be a distributed reflection of laser light upon a portion of a rim of said vat. The 10 first pattern may comprise a line across a portion of said rim, and the method may comprise detecting from said digital representation the length of a first part of said line that optically appears different than the rest of said line.
    Fig. 22 illustrates how the method may comprise, as a step 2201 prior to step 2001, a step of optically projecting a second pattern upon a build surface of a build platform of said stereolithography apparatus. In this case the step 2001 illustrated in 20 fig. 20 may comprise generating a digital representation of an optical image of that portion of said build surface upon which the second pattern is projected.
    Step 2003, on the other hand, may comprise using said digital representation to examine said build surface 25 for exceptions from a default form of said build surface. Said second pattern may comprises a line across said part of said build surface, and the method may comprise detecting from said digital representation any optically appearing irregularities of said line. 30 The method may further comprise comparing a representation of said second pattern found in said optical image to a default representation of said second pattern. The method may further comprise either allowing the operation of the stereolithography apparatus to 35 continue as a response to finding said representation of said pattern to be the same as said default representation, or interrupting operation of the stereo
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 lithography apparatus as a response to finding said representation of said pattern to differ from said default representation.
    Fig. 23 illustrates schematically a method of operating a stereolithography apparatus. This embodiment of the method is particularly suited for enabling the controller of the stereolithography apparatus to acquire use history so that the user can be informed about worn bottom of the vat.
    The method of fig. 23 comprises using a reader device to automatically read in use history data from a vat at step 2301. The reader device used in step 2301 may be an optical imaging detector, or it may be some other kind of reader device. Furthermore, the reading may be performed in two steps, wherein the reader reads an identifier based on which a controller can retrieve the use history data.
    The method comprises also conveying the readin parameter data to a controller of said stereo20 lithography apparatus. In some implementations the read-in parameter data may need to be decoded, particularly when it is directly read in from a memory or similar, at step 2302, for example so that a bit string that appeared in digital image data that the 25 controller received from an optical imaging detector or other kind of reader device is converted into a numerical value according to a predetermined decoding method. The method comprises also using a piece of said conveyed parameter data as a value of an operat30 ing parameter of said stereolithography apparatus at step 2303. The step 2302 is optional in case that the use history data can be retrieved without decoding.
    The method may comprise comparing said piece of said conveyed parameter data to information indicative of an allowable range of parameter values. That kind of information may be previously stored in a
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 memory of the stereolithography apparatus in order to ensure that it will not attempt operating with parameter values that are not safe or otherwise not recommendable. The method may comprise allowing the opera5 tion of the stereolithography apparatus to continue as a response to finding said piece of said conveyed parameter data to be within said allowable range of use history data values as illustrated with the reference designator 2304. The method may also comprise display10 ing use history status of a vat of the stereolithography apparatus according to step 2305, as a response to finding said piece of said conveyed parameter data to be out of said allowable range of use history values as illustrated with the reference designator 2306.
    When the normal operation of the stereolithography apparatus is ended, for example, after finishing the manufactured object the updated use history data is stored at step 2307. This can be activated, for example, by removing the vat and when the ste20 reolithography detects that the vat is not anymore attached to the apparatus, the apparatus stores the updated use history data to a computing device, such as a cloud service. If the vat comprises a memory to which the use history data is written, then similar 25 functionality may be implemented to the removal functionality. For example, the vat may be locked to the stereolithography apparatus and the use history data is updated when the lock is opened and before the vat is released.
    It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that with the advancement of technology, the basic idea of the invention may be implemented in various ways. The invention and its embodiments are thus not limited to the examples described above, instead they 35 may vary within the scope of the claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1] 1. Stereolithography apparatus, comprising:
    - a reader device (501, 1908) configured to read in use history data from an automatically readable iden-
    5 tifier (802) of a vat (401), and
    - a controller (502, 1901) coupled to said reader device (501, 1908) and configured to receive use history data read in by said reader device (501, 1908); wherein said controller (502, 1901) is configured to
    10 use a piece of said received use history data as a value of an operating parameter of said stereolithography apparatus or to generate an alarm.
    [2] 2. A stereolithography apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said reader device (501, 1908) is a
    15 wirelessly reading reader device configured to perform said reading of parameter data without direct physical contact between said reader device (501, 1908) and said vat (401) .
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018
    [3] 3. A stereolithography apparatus according to 20 claim 2, wherein said reader device (501, 1908) comprises at least one of: radio transceiver, optical imaging detector (501).
    [4] 4. A stereolithography apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said reader device (501, 1908) is
    25 configured to perform said reading in of use history data when said vat (401) is in said operating position .
    [5] 5. A stereolithography apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said reader device (501, 1908) is an
    30 optical imaging detector (501) directed so that a vat (401) is within a field of view of said optical imaging detector (501) .
    [6] 6. A stereolithography apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said field of view of said optical
    20185588 prh 28 -06- 2018 imaging detector (501) encompasses also at least one of: a portion of a resin tank (801) of said stereolithography apparatus, a build surface (403) of a build platform (402) of said stereolithography appa5 ratus in at least one position along a working movement range of said build platform (402) .
    [7] 7. A stereolithography apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said controller (502, 1901) is configured to retrieve the use history
    10 data from a computing device using on said read identifier .
    [8] 8. A stereolithography apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said controller (502, 1901) is configured to store the use history da-
    15 ta to said identifier or said computing device using a reader device (502, 1901) is capable of writing said use history data to a respective location.
    [9] 9. A stereolithography apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said controller
    20 (502, 1901) is configured to use said piece of said received use history data as at least one of the following: providing an alarm of a worn bottom of a vat, selecting the position of the object to be constructed on the vat (401) based on the use history data.
    25
    [10] 10. A vat (401) for a stereolithography apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, comprising an automatically readable identifier (405) containing use history data for use as at least one value of an operating parameter of said stereolithog30 raphy apparatus.
    [11] 11. A vat (401) according to claim 9, wherein said automatically readable identifier (405) comprises at least one of: a radio readable identifier, an opti cally readable identifier, a radio readable and writeable memory.
    [12] 12. A method of operating a stereolithography apparatus, comprising:
    5 - using a reader device to automatically read in (2001, 2301) use history data of a vat,
    - conveying (2002) the read-in use history data to a controller of said stereolithography apparatus, and
    - using (2003, 2303) a piece of said conveyed use his10 tory data as a value of an operating parameter of said stereolithography apparatus.
    [13] 13. A method according to claim 11, wherein the method comprises storing updated use history data to the identifier, wherein said identifier comprises
    15 re-writeable memory.
    [14] 14. A method according to claim 11, wherein said reader device reads an identifier and further reads use history data from a computing device using said identifier.
    20 15. A method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the method comprises storing updated use history data to a computing device.
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    EP3814103A1|2021-05-05|
    WO2020002751A1|2020-01-02|
    US20210268742A1|2021-09-02|
    CN112638622A|2021-04-09|
    CA3105145A1|2020-01-02|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    EP3313649B1|2015-06-25|2020-02-26|Dws S.R.L.|Stereolithography machine|
    JP6530264B2|2015-07-06|2019-06-12|ローランドディー．ジー．株式会社|Three-dimensional modeling apparatus and three-dimensional modeling method|
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